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135). The hypothesis that herbivory benefits plants by causing an overcom-pensation response has produced several excellent articles, which furnish evidence for potential mechanisms of plant compensation to herbivore damage (9, 26, 122, 137, 139). More recently, information on some local environ-

2006). Ratio of Nutrient and Minerals to Defensive Compounds Indicative of Plant Quality and Tolerance to Herbivory in Pear Trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 629-642.

The influence of polyploidy on patterns of resistance and tolerance of 7 fireweed to herbivory were complex. Tetraploids were more resistant to herbivory in some instances but less resistant in others, and these contrasting results were influenced by genotype, the type of insect herbivory, and the phenological age of plants.

Herbivory, the feeding on living plant parts by animals, is a key ecosystem process that has widely recognized effects on primary production and vegetation structure and composition (Allan & Crawley, ).When vegetative tissues are lost, resources (e.g., compounds synthesized from carbon, nitrogen and other minerals) that are contained in those tissues are also lost.

Plant tolerance to herbivory has been accepted as a mechanism of defense that can be expressed jointly with resistance. Recent advances have partially validated previous theoretical predictions and improved our understanding of tolerance.

1998). Ecosystem tolerance to herbivory is conferred by physiological and morphological traits and further affected by characteristics of a given ecosystem such as environmental conditions during periods of regrowth, and the intensity and frequency of tissue removal (Augustine and McNaughton, 1998). Tolerance to herbivory is illustrated well by

Terrestrial plant tolerance to herbivory. Authors: J. P. Rosenthal, and P. M. Kotanen Date: 1994 Journal: Trends in Ecology and Evolution Volume: 9 Number: 4 Pages: 145-148 Summary of Methods: In this review, Rosenthal and Kotanen examine the major factors that affect plant tolerance to both insect and vertebrate herbivory, and summarizes some developing ideas about the adaptive significance

Herbivory is a ubiquitous component of terrestrial communities that reduces plant growth and reproduction. Consequently, a goal of evolutionary ecology is to identify the causes and consequences of variation in herbivory within plant populations.

aVect plant resistance to herbivores, which inXuences the amount of damage plants receive, and plant tolerance of herbivory, or the Wtness consequences of damage. We found no evidence that CO 2 altered resistance, but plants grown in eCO 2 were less tolerant of herbivory—clipping reduced aboveground biomass and fruit production by 13

Instead, it may make the plant more tolerant to herbivory. Although "induced defenses" are widely discussed, to our knowledge no one has shown an induced response to be defensive, i.e. no one has explicitly measured the influences of the change on the fitness of the plant. Not all induced plant responses increase resistance by making plants

In grasslands, for instance, up to a quarter of plant productivity can be lost to root herbivory , with the associated root damage having similar effects on plant performance as drought . Furthermore, root damage can exacerbate the effects of soil moisture stress, further reducing water and nutrient uptake, directly influencing plant species

In press) The ontogeny of plant indirect defenses. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. Barton, K. E.. 2013. Ontogenetic patterns in the mechanisms of tolerance to herbivory in Plantago. Annals of Botany 112: 711-720. Barton, K. E. and M. E. Hanley. 2013. Seedling-herbivore interactions: insights into plant defence and

Although the evolution of plant response to herbivory can involve either resistance (a decrease in susceptibility to herbivore damage) or tolerance (a decrease in the per unit effect of herbivory on plant fitness), until recently few studies have explicitly incorporated both of these characters. Moreover, theory suggests these characters do not evolve independently, and also that the pattern

Herbivory in dioecious plant populations of Nova Scotia. 2. Resistance and tolerance to herbivory in Arabidopsis. 3. Evolution of unisexuality in Cucurbita. 4. The shape of the tolerance function in Brassica rapa. Students. Current students . Undergraduate . Past students. Graduate. Nicholas Buckley - M. Sc., Biology Graduate Program, Acadia

Plants respond to herbivore attack with a bewildering array of responses, broadly categorized as direct and indirect defenses, and tolerance. Plantherbivore interactions are played out on spatial scales that include the cellular responses, well-studied in plant-pathogen interactions, as well as responses that function at whole-plant and

biomass. This suggests that plant root biomass and tolerance index after different insect herbivory modes are not necessarily unidirectional. Importantly, the interaction between the folivore and the phloem feeder insects is asymmetric and the phloem feeder might be a trickier problem for plants than the folivore. Moreover, as both plants' common

The ecology and evolution of plant tolerance to herbivory. SY Strauss, AA Agrawal. Trends in ecology & evolution 14 (5), 179-185, 1999. 1641: 1999: Direct and ecological costs of resistance to herbivory. SY Strauss, JA Rudgers, JA Lau, RE Irwin. Trends in ecology & evolution 17 (6), 278-285, 2002. 900:

Tolerance to herbivory reflects the degree to which plants are able to regrow and reproduce after damage, and should vary with resource availability. In the high Andes of central Chile, the cushion plant Laretia acaulis (Apiaceae) acts as a buffer against environmental stress, enhancing survival of several associated plant species.

Herbivory may affect important plant traits that mediate the interaction with floral visitors and potential pollinators with consequences to fruit and seed production. These may occur through varied mechanisms, ranging from a trade-off in resource allocation for defense and reproduction, to pleiotropic effects in the biosynthesis of secondary

Abstract Tolerance to herbivory—the ability of plants to maintain fitness despite herbivore damage—is expected to change during the life cycle of plants because the physio-logical mechanisms underlying tolerance to herbivory are linked to growth, and resource allocation to growth chan-ges throughout ontogeny. We used the model plant Ara-